DNA LandMarks has an extensive library of markers available for a wide variety of crops. If it is required, we are able to develop new markers for our clients. Marker discovery for each major marker system is described below:

Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR)

• Discovery - Genomic clones with repeat motifs are identified in enriched libraries and sequenced.
• Validation - Primers for regions flanking the markers are designed. Using these primers, the markers are then tested for ability to amplify and for polymorphism.

Microcapillary readout of a segregation of an SSR marker in a population:

Inter-MITE Polymorphism (IMP)

• Discovery - Genomic sequences surveyed for element type, frequency, distribution and sequence.
• Validation - Primers specific to different inverted-repeats are checked for capcity to amplify multiple, polymorphic products in different individuals.

IMP fingerprint in corn:

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

• Discovery - Genomic or EST databases are surveyed for potential SNPs.
• Validation - Potential SNP containing genomic regions are amplified and sequenced. Assay (e.g. chain termination or pyrosequencing) tested on different individuals.

Genotype readout with chain termination:

Genotype readout with pyrosequencing: